What does the term "hold" mean in air traffic management?

The term "hold" in air traffic management refers to a specified pattern that aircraft fly while waiting to land. This procedure is used when there is a need to manage the flow of air traffic, particularly when airspace is congested or runway conditions do not allow for immediate landing. During a holding pattern, an aircraft will fly in a circular or racetrack shape around a fixed point, typically at a designated altitude, until air traffic control (ATC) determines that it is safe and appropriate for the aircraft to land.

Holding patterns are essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of air traffic, allowing pilots to maintain a safe distance from other aircraft while waiting for clearance to proceed. By using defined airspace in this way, ATC can effectively manage the number of aircraft approaching an airport and ensure that landings can happen in an orderly fashion.