How is the term "wake turbulence" relevant to air traffic control?

The term "wake turbulence" is crucial in air traffic control as it specifically describes the disturbances in the air created by the movement of an aircraft. When an aircraft flies, it leaves behind a turbulent wake made up of vortices, which are rotating air patterns. These vortices, especially from larger aircraft, can pose significant hazards to smaller following aircraft. Pilots and air traffic controllers must be aware of the potential for wake turbulence, particularly during takeoff and landing phases, as it can lead to a loss of control if an aircraft encounters these disturbances unexpectedly. Understanding wake turbulence allows air traffic control to maintain safe distances between aircraft during flight operations, thereby enhancing safety in congested airspace and optimizing traffic flow.